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Sentences Types Structures 2021

Page history last edited by Jason Stephenson 3 months, 2 weeks ago

Sentence Types & Structures

Sentences are used for different purposes and can be categorized based on their purpose. There are four main sentence types: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. Declarative sentences make statements. Interrogative sentences ask questions. Exclamatory sentences show excitement or emotion. Imperative sentences give commands.

Although sentences can be written in a multitude of ways, there are only four sentence structures: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. A simple sentence contains one independent clause. A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction. A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Teaching the four different sentence types helps children to understand the purposes for sentences, what types of sentence should be used when trying to get a point across, and which punctuation mark should be used at the end of a sentence. Declarative sentences make a statement to relay information or ideas. They are punctuated with a simple period. Imperative sentences issue commands or requests, or they can express a desire or wish. They are punctuated with a simple period, or they can be exclamations requiring an exclamation mark. It all depends on the strength of emotion you want to express. Exclamatory sentences express strong emotion. Exclamatory sentences always end in an exclamation mark. Interrogative sentences always ask a question and end in a question mark.

As students develop their writing skills, they should be adding sentence structure variety in order to make their writing engaging for the reader. Using mostly simple sentences may make the writing feel stagnant and rushed. Writing with mostly compound-complex sentences may make the reader feel disconnected from the main objective of the writing. When combining the four different structures, however, the writer can develop a more fluid piece of writing that keeps the reader’s attention.

Standard 5		Progression
objectives in chronological order with shifts bolded		how the objectives develop & change through the grade levels
K.5.W.1	Students will begin to compose simple sentences that begin with a capital letter and conclude with an end mark.	During the kindergarten year, students begin composing simple 3- or 4-word sentences. Initially, they write sentences about things they like or things they can do (“I like cats.” or “I can run.”). As students become more comfortable with their literacy skills, they add sight words and “invented spelling” words to add more information to their sentences.They learn to begin with a capital and end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point.
1.5.W.1	Students will compose simple sentences that conclude with an end mark.	First grade writers use simple grammar rules in their writing. First graders compose simple sentences that begin with a capital letter and end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point.
2.5.W.1	Students will compose simple and compound declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences that begin with a capital letter and conclude with an end mark.	Second grade writers use simple and compound sentences in their writing. At this level, students may begin to use conjunctions(i.e., and, or, for, nor, but, yet) to compose compound sentences. Students will be able to compose all sentence types and choose the appropriate end marks.
3.5.W.1	Students will compose simple and compound declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences, avoiding and correcting fragments.	Students will continue to develop their ability to compose simple and compound sentences in 3rd and 4th grades. These sentences will gain complexity as the ideas presented will become increasingly more complex. One key element to composing simple and compound sentences is the understanding of subject and verb agreement. Students begin recognizing subject and verb agreement while analyzing texts in third grade and continue this skill into upper grade levels. This is a key foundational skill in order to compose simple and compound sentences in writing and should be emphasized when composing sentences and analyzing student writing. Students will learn to avoid composing sentence fragments by re-reading their work as they are writing. Students will also develop the ability to correct fragments through the recursive writing process.
4.5.W.1
5.5.W.1	Students will compose simple, compound, and complex (i.e., independent and dependent clauses) sentences.	In grade 5, students deepen their understanding of sentence types and structure as they learn how to write complex sentences. As students examine texts in reading, they will have an understanding of how to compose simple, compound, and complex sentences. The mentor texts will be a valuable resource as they begin to compose essays in the various modes of writing.
6.5.W.1	Students will compose simple, compound, and complex sentences to add clarity and variety in their writing.	In grade 6, students use their knowledge on composing simple, compound, and complex sentences to intentionally add these sentence structures to their own writing to help their writing to be clear and to add variety.
7.5.W.1	Students will compose simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to add clarity and variety in their writing.	In grades 7 and 8, students continue to include simple, compound, and complex sentences intentionally in their writing. At this level, students are introduced to compound-complex sentences. Students compose compound-complex sentences and add these sentences to their own writing for clarity and variety. Compound-complex sentences provide students with a way to describe ideas, and long chains of events. Students’ use of compound-complex sentences in writing enriches the students’ way to communicate their ideas. As students progress, they should be able to use a variety of sentence structures to communicate ideas in an informative and interesting progression. Depending on the mode and genre of writing, students can use and vary all four sentence structures.
8.5.W.1

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