Citations

In research, an indication of the origin of paraphrased or quoted text. Examples of citation style include MLA (Modern Language Association) and APA (American Psychological Association).

Standard 6

Progression 

objectives in chronological order with shifts bolded

Kindergarteners are not required to cite information; however, students do need to recognize that information comes from sources.

Teachers provide the sources during group research and prompt students to identify where researched information comes from.

1.6.W.2

Students will organize information found during group or individual research, using graphic organizers or other aids with prompting.

First graders are not required to cite information; however, students do need to recognize that information comes from sources. Students organize information into graphic organizers or other aids to note that it came from another source. 

Teachers providing prompting and questioning is essential to students as they learn to organize information from group or individual research.  

2.6.W.2

Students will organize information found during group or individual research, using graphic organizers or other aids.

Students in second grade now organize information from group or individual research without teacher prompting. 

3.6.W.2

Students will begin to organize information found during research, following a modified citation style (i.e., author, title, publication year).

Students at the third-grade level are introduced to a modified and simple citation style consisting of author’s name, title, and publication year and begin to organize information found during research accordingly.

4.6.W.2

Students will organize information found during research, following a modified citation style (i.e., author, title, publication year).

Students in fourth grade continue to organize information found during research into a modified and simple citation style consisting of author’s name, title, and publication year.

5.6.W.2

Students will organize information found during research, following a modified citation style (i.e., author, title, publication date).

Fifth-grade students organize information found during research into a modified, simple citation style consisting of the author's name and title.  Additionally, in previous grades only the publication year was required to be cited but in fifth grade, the students are expected to cite the exact publication date. 

6.6.W.3

Students will quote findings following a consistent citation style (e.g., MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.

As sixth-grade students continue to cite information found during research, they begin to follow a consistent citation style to quote findings. By sixth grade, citation styles such as MLA or APA guidelines are introduced, with emphasis on how to directly quote sources and the importance of avoiding plagiarism.

7.6.W.3

Students will quote and summarize findings following a consistent citation style (e.g., MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.

In addition to quoting findings for research writing, students in grade 7 summarize researched information following a consistent citation style. Emphasis continues on correctly citing research findings in order to avoid plagiarism.

8.6.W.3

Students will quote, paraphrase, and summarize findings following a consistent citation style (e.g., MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.

As eighth-grade students continue to follow a consistent citation style for quoting and summarizing research findings, they now begin to paraphrase information and cite that as well. Instruction supports the importance of avoiding plagiarism. 

9.6.W.3

Students will integrate quotes, paraphrases, and summaries from research, following a consistent citation style (e.g., MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.

Going further than simply paraphrasing from sources, high school students now weave their cited sources into their writing with ease, making their direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries not just an insertion of text but an extension of their own writing.

Students understand that the citation style is wholly dependent upon the discipline (e.g. MLA for English, APA for science). 

Students continue to understand that plagiarism is not something simply frowned upon but is a serious offense and that whether they are college or career bound, plagiarism could affect their work and should thus be avoided.

10.6.W.3

11.6.W.3

12.6.W.3