• Students use print, cursive, and/or typing to convey ideas independently.

• Students complete writing tasks independently for various lengths of time in all modes of writing.

• Students develop topics to reflect the writing task, audience, and purpose.

• Students understand the differences associated with each mode of writing whether it be narrative, informative or opinion. 

• Students understand the genres associated with each mode of writing.

• Students determine the text structure, mode, and genre needed to communicate to a specific audience and/or purpose. 

• Teachers provide students the opportunity to use print, cursive and/or typing to write authentic texts.

• Teachers provide opportunities for students to write independently over various lengths of time.

• Teachers introduce all three modes of writing and give students the opportunity to write multiple pieces in each mode.

• Teachers introduce the various genres associated with each mode of writing.

• Teachers model

• selecting the purpose and audience for a writing task

• selecting a mode/genre

• selecting a text structure (description, problem/solution, cause/effect, compare/contrast)

• using the writing process 

When students choose topics that do not reflect the intended audience, teachers can…

• ask students to reflect on who the intended audience is and the purpose of the piece.  

• ask students to list information about the audience and information that would be relevant to them.

• create anchor charts or interactive notebooks to remind students of purposes for writing and potential audiences.

When students are not using the appropriate mode to convey ideas, teachers can…

• provide anchor charts with information about each mode and the genres represented within a mode.

• Audience: a writer’s targeted reader(s).

• Author’s Purpose: the objective, goal, or intended effect a writer wishes to achieve.

• Genre: a category used to classify fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction, usually by form, technique, or content. Fantasy, ode, one-act play, and memoir are all examples of genres.

• 4.4.W.2: Use purposeful vocabulary in writing

• 4.3.W.1: Narrative Writing

• 4.3.W.2: Informative Writing

• 4.3.W.3: Opinion Writing