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Verbals
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Students will use verbals; gerunds, participles and infinitives, to express their ideas in written form.
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Students practice replacing the gerund with another noun to determine if the sentence will still work grammatically.
Gerund
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Students will understand a gerund is a noun made from a verb. Example: Walking the dog is not my favorite task.
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Students practice replacing the gerund with another noun to determine if the sentence will still work grammatically.
Infinitive
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Students will understand an infinitive has [to] before the verb. Example: To dance gracefully is my ambition.
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Students examine text to determine that an infinitive is a simple verb combined with ‘to.’ For example: to sleep, to run, to fly, to hide
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Students use the formula: Infinitive = to + verb
Participle
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Students will understand a participle a verb form functioning as an adjective.
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Students will understand a participle looks like a verb but functions as an adjective. Example: Swimming for his life, John made it to shore.
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Students examine text to determine the noun the participle is modifying.
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Verbals
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Teachers explain and model the use of verbals in a sentences.
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Teachers explain that using verbals is a way to add variety and interest to their writing.
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Teachers provide opportunities for students to add verbals to their writing to create greater sentence variety and interesting structure of their writing.
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Teachers ensure students can identify the main verb (action) of the sentence.
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Teachers instruct students that there are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.
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Gerund
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Teachers explain a gerund is using the –ing verb form that functions as a noun.
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Teachers explain and model the job of a gerund (e.g., subject, object of the preposition, direct object, indirect object, predicate noun).
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Teacher provide opportunities for students to create a gerund in their writing.
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Teacher monitor and provide feedback for students when creating gerunds in their writing.
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Teachers explain and model that verb-like words are actually naming things (e.g., swimming can be action or a noun)
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Teachers explain that not all -ing verbs are gerunds. Sometimes -ing verbs are participles used in present or past progressive verb phrase. (e.g.,I am swimming.)
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Infinitive
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Teachers explain the infinitive is the word “to” plus a verb.
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Teachers explain and model the job of an infinitive (e.g., adjective, adverb, or noun).
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Teacher provide opportunities for students to create an infinitive in their writing.
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Teacher monitor and provide feedback for students when creating infinitives in their writing.
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Teachers model and explain an infinitive consist of the word to plus a verb functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive may also function as a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence.
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Participle
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Teachers explain that a participle is a verb form functioning as an adjective.
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Teachers explain the jobs of a participle is to modify nouns or pronouns.
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Teachers provide opportunities for students to create a participle in their writing.
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Teacher monitor and provide feedback for students when creating participles in their writing.
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Teachers explain and model that a participle can be used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed.
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Teachers explain and model how participles function as an adjective that modify a noun or pronoun.
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Teachers explain and model there are two types of participles; present participle and past participle.
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Teachers explain present participles end in -ing and past participles end in -ed, -en,-t, -n, or -ne.
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Students will go beyond locating and labeling verbals; they must incorporate them into their writing
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Verbal: a verb that is being used as a different part of speech.
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A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.
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A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed.
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An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word to plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form) and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
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