Standard 1: Reading Foundations

Students will develop foundational skills for future reading success by working with sounds, letters, and text.

FLUENCY: Students will recognize high- frequency words and read grade-level text smoothly and accurately, with expression that connotes comprehension.

Student Actions 

Teacher Actions 

• Students will read grade-level text at an appropriate speed with accuracy, expression, and phrasing that suggests comprehension.

• Teachers will model reading smoothly with accuracy, phrasing, and expression.

• Teachers will provide students opportunities to practice reading and rereading for fluency.

• Teachers will monitor and provide opportunities for feedback and interventions as needed as students are working on fluency in grade-level texts.

Supporting Resources 

Teacher Insights 

Fluency Norms (webpage)

FCRR: Fluency Activities (webpage)

• Fluent reading involves reading at an adequate rate and reading smoothly and accurately with expression, not just the number of words students can read per minute.

• Reading fluency bridges word recognition and comprehension. It is possible for students to read accurately and fluently but lack comprehension.

• Re-readings of grade-level texts help increase knowledge of high-frequency and sight words, reading rate, accuracy, and expression.

Due to recursive nature of the standards, it is essential that teachers are aware of how all objectives within and between strands work together for optimal instruction.